Indentation responses of pressurized ellipsoidal and cylindrical elastic shells: Insights from shallow-shell theory.

Pressurized elastic shells are ubiquitous in nature and technology, from the outer walls of yeast and bacterial cells to artificial pressure vessels. Indentation measurements simultaneously probe the internal pressure and elastic properties of thin shells and serve as a useful tool for strength testing and for inferring internal biological functions of living cells. We study the effects of geometry and pressure-induced stress on the indentation stiffness of ellipsoidal and cylindrical elastic shells using shallow-shell theory. We show that the linear indentation response reduces to a single integral with two dimensionless parameters that encode the asphericity and internal pressure. This integral can be numerically evaluated in all regimes and is used to generate compact analytical expressions for the indentation stiffness in various regimes of technological and biological importance. Our results provide theoretical support for previous scaling and numerical results describing the stiffness of ellipsoids, reveal a new pressure scale that dictates the large-pressure response, and give new insights to the linear indentation response of pressurized cylinders.