Anti-Ku antibody-positive myositis presenting as a wide range of axial myopathies and myocarditis: A case report and review of the literature.

Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are autoimmune diseases predominantly affecting proximal muscles; paraspinal muscle involvement is relatively rare. Because paraspinal myopathies do not always cause clinically evident symptoms, the diagnosis of IIMs with axial myopathies can be challenging. Anti-Ku autoantibodies, initially reported in polymyositis/systemic sclerosis overlap syndrome, are myositis-associated antibodies observed in patients with a wide variety of connective tissue diseases. Few reports have been published demonstrating predominant axial myopathy in IIM patients with anti-Ku antibodies. Herein, we investigated a previously healthy Japanese woman in her early 70s who presented with Raynaud's phenomenon, back pain, and exertional dyspnoea. The creatine kinase was elevated and antinuclear antibody staining was positive, but myositis-specific antibodies were negative. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed myocarditis and a wide range of axial muscle inflammation, including bilateral thoracolumbar paraspinal, infraspinatus, and trapezius muscles. The muscle biopsy was consistent with IIM. In addition, anti-Ku antibody was positive. The administration of prednisolone and tacrolimus quickly alleviated the symptoms, and the creatine kinase level returned to normal. The diagnosis of IIM was arduous in this case because she did not present with camptocormia, muscle weakness involving the proximal limbs was not apparent, and myositis-specific antibodies were negative. Whether axial myopathy and myocarditis are more prevalent in IIM patients with than without anti-Ku antibodies is uncertain. Clinicians should suspect axial myopathy and myositis-associated antibodies, such as anti-Ku antibodies, especially in patients in whom muscle weakness of the proximal limbs is not noticeable.