Occurrence of Multiple, Extensive and Pan Drug-Resistant and Carbapenemase Production from Presumptive Isolates Stored in a Biobank at Ethiopian Public Health Institute.

Purpose: is a common cause of nosocomial infections with associated morbidity and mortality because the organism is unresponsive to commonly available antimicrobials. This study was undertaken to determine the multiple drug-resistant (MDR), extensive drug-resistant (XDR) and pan drug-resistant (PDR) phenotype of and its carbapenemase production rate from presumptive isolates stored in the biobank at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the EPHI laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March to June 2021. Stored isolates of spp. which had been characterized by manual identification methods were further processed for species-level identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) using a Becton Dickinson (BD) Phoenix automated system. The isolates were analyzed for carbapenemase enzyme production using the modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM). The data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 software.

Results: In this study, 110 presumptive isolates from a biobank were re-analyzed, 100 of them were found to be and among these accounted for 98% and accounted for 2%. The majority of isolates were recovered from wound (46%) specimens followed by ear swabs (18%). The highest level of resistance was observed against ceftazidime (35%) and the lowest level of resistance was observed against amikacin (2%). Twenty-seven isolates were identified as candidates for carbapenemase enzyme production testing, of which only 3/27 (11%) isolates were detected as carbapenemase enzyme producers.

Conclusion: This study shows an increasing rate of MDR and XDR isolates and the appearance of PDR in strains; this is a serious problem in Ethiopia. The lack of newer anti-pseudomonal antibiotics adds to the problem. In order to alleviate this, infection prevention activities should be promoted, and treatment of bacterial infections should be guided by antibiotic susceptibility test results.