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Mapping curvature domains in human V4 using CBV-sensitive layer-fMRI at 3T.
Front Neurosci
February 2025
York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
Introduction: A full understanding of how we see our world remains a fundamental research question in vision neuroscience. While topographic profiling has allowed us to identify different visual areas, the exact functional characteristics and organization of areas up in the visual hierarchy (beyond V1 & V2) is still debated. It is hypothesized that visual area V4 represents a vital intermediate stage of processing spatial and curvature information preceding object recognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrderly specification and precise laminar deployment of mouse cortical projection neuron types through intermediate progenitors.
Dev Cell
March 2025
Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA. Electronic address:
The cerebral cortex comprises diverse types of glutamatergic projection neurons (PNs) generated from radial glial progenitors (RGs) through either direct neurogenesis (dNG) or indirect neurogenesis (iNG) via intermediate progenitors (IPs). A foundational concept in corticogenesis is the "inside-out" model, whereby successive generations of PNs sequentially migrate first to deep and then progressively to more superficial layers. However, its biological significance remains unclear, and the role of iNG in this process is unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDistribution of perineuronal nets in the adult rat neocortex.
Somatosens Mot Res
March 2025
Department of Neuroscience, Queens College, City University of New York (CUNY), New York, NY, USA.
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialised extracellular matrix structures of the central nervous system that predominantly surround inhibitory interneurons. The development of PNNs is activity dependent and relies on sensory input to mature to an adult expression pattern, coinciding with the crysallization of synaptic circuitry following the closure of the developmental critical period. Our results of a neocortical characterisation demonstrate that the density of PNNs in the neocortex of the Long Evans rat was consistent across animals but varied as a function of the cortical region.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInhibitory and disinhibitory VIP IN-mediated circuits in neocortex.
bioRxiv
February 2025
Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016.
Cortical GABAergic interneurons (INs) are comprised of distinct types that provide tailored inhibition to pyramidal cells (PCs) and other INs, thereby enabling precise control of cortical circuit activity. INs expressing the neuropeptide vasoactive-intestinal peptide (VIP) have attracted attention recently following the discovery that they predominantly function by inhibiting dendritic-targeting somatostatin (SST) expressing INs, thereby disinhibiting PCs. This VIP-SST disinhibitory circuit motif is observed throughout the neocortex from mice to humans, and serves as a key mechanism for top-down (feedback) and context-dependent information processing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWing bone laminarity in Pterosaurs: insights into torsional adaptations for flight evolution.
An Acad Bras Cienc
March 2025
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Laboratório de Sistemática e Paleontologia de Vertebrados (LAPUG), Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Campus de Ensino e Pesquisa, Av. Bartolomeu de Gusmão, 875, 20941-160 São Cristóvão, RJ, Brazil.
Powered flight has evolved separately in three tetrapod clades: pterosaurs, birds (avian dinosaurs), and bats. To meet the challenges of powered flight, tetrapods acquired structural, mechanical, and physiological adaptations. Circumferential vascular canals, forming laminar bone, have been proposed to be an adaptation linked to withstanding torsional loading during flight in birds.
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