Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3122
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
In addition to its established advantages, laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (RN) poses a unique set of challenges over traditional open surgery. In this study, we discuss preoperative considerations and detailed steps for laparoscopic RN. We review the transabdominal approach in detail, including patient positioning, equipment, and port placement in addition to the surgical steps. Intraoperative decisions such as adrenal management, renal preservation, and tumor identification are reviewed. Common complications of laparoscopic renal surgery are also summarized.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/end.2021.0626 | DOI Listing |
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