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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00018-021-03935-2 | DOI Listing |
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DDX18 coordinates nucleolus phase separation and nuclear organization to control the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells.
Nat Commun
December 2024
Department of Medicine, Columbia Center for Human Development and Stem Cell Therapies, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
Pluripotent stem cells possess a unique nuclear architecture characterized by a larger nucleus and more open chromatin, which underpins their ability to self-renew and differentiate. Here, we show that the nucleolus-specific RNA helicase DDX18 is essential for maintaining the pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells. Using techniques such as Hi-C, DNA/RNA-FISH, and biomolecular condensate analysis, we demonstrate that DDX18 regulates nucleolus phase separation and nuclear organization by interacting with NPM1 in the granular nucleolar component, driven by specific nucleolar RNAs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChk2 sustains PLK1 activity in mitosis to ensure proper chromosome segregation.
Nat Commun
December 2024
Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) protects against genome instability by ensuring timely and accurate mitotic cell division, and its activity is tightly regulated throughout the cell cycle. Although the pathways that initially activate PLK1 in G2 are well-characterized, the factors that directly regulate mitotic PLK1 remain poorly understood. Here, we identify that human PLK1 activity is sustained by the DNA damage response kinase Checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) in mitosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCENP-E haploinsufficiency causes chromosome misalignment and spindle assembly checkpoint activation in the spermatogonia.
Andrology
December 2024
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Background: The establishment of kinetochore-microtubule attachment is essential for error-free chromosome alignment and segregation during cell division. Defects in chromosome alignment result in chromosome instability, birth defects, and infertility. Kinesin-7 CENP-E mediates kinetochore-microtubule capture, chromosome alignment, and spindle assembly checkpoint in somatic cells, however, mechanisms of CENP-E in germ cells remain poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex differences in disease: sex chromosome and immunity.
J Transl Med
December 2024
The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
Sex is a fundamental biological variable that influences immune system function, with sex chromosomes (X and Y) playing a central role in these differences. Despite substantial evidence of disparities in immune responses between males and females, biomedical research has historically overlooked sex as a critical factor. This oversight has contributed to the observed disparities in susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and malignancies between the sexes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe histone H3.3 K27M mutation suppresses Ser31phosphorylation and mitotic fidelity, which can directly drive gliomagenesis.
Curr Biol
December 2024
The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA; Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. Electronic address:
Serine 31 is a phospho-site unique to the histone H3.3 variant; mitotic phospho-Ser31 is restricted to pericentromeric heterochromatin, and disruption of phospho-Ser31 results in chromosome segregation defects and loss of p53-dependant G cell-cycle arrest. Ser31 is proximal to the H3.
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