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Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) paired with motor rehabilitation is an emerging therapeutic strategy to enhance functional recovery after neural injuries such as stroke. Training-paired VNS drives significant neuroplasticity within the motor cortex (M1), which is thought to underlie the therapeutic effects of VNS. Though the mechanisms are not fully understood, VNS-induced cortical plasticity is known to depend on intact signaling from multiple neuromodulatory nuclei that innervate M1. Cortical dopamine (DA) plays a key role in mediating M1 synaptic plasticity and is critical for motor skill acquisition, but whether cortical DA contributes to VNS efficacy has not been tested. To determine the impact of cortical DA depletion on VNS-induced cortical plasticity. Rats were trained on a skilled reaching lever press task prior to implantation of VNS electrodes and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) mediated DA depletion in M1. Rats then underwent training-paired VNS treatment, followed by cortical motor mapping and lesion validation. In both intact and DA-depleted rats, VNS significantly increased the motor map representation of task-relevant proximal forelimb musculature and reduced task-irrelevant distal forelimb representations. VNS also significantly increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH+) fiber density in intact M1, but this effect was not observed in lesioned hemispheres. Our results reveal that though VNS likely upregulates catecholaminergic signaling in intact motor cortices, DA itself is not required for VNS-induced plasticity to occur. As DA is known to critically support M1 plasticity during skill acquisition, our findings suggest that VNS may engage a unique set of neuromodulatory signaling pathways to promote neocortical plasticity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.693140 | DOI Listing |
Front Cardiovasc Med
December 2024
Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
Background: Pregnancy increases the risk of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) due to physiological changes. This study reviews the management of SVT in pregnant patients in the emergency department (ED).
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 15 pregnant patients with SVT treated at Shenzhen Second People's Hospital ED from 2015 to 2023.
Clin EEG Neurosci
December 2024
Behavioral and Social Neuroscience Research Group, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is a therapeutical option for the treatment of drug-resistant epileptic patients. The response to VNS varies from patient to patient and is difficult to predict. The proposed study is based on our previous work, identifying relative mean power in pre-implantation EEG as a reliable marker for VNS efficacy prediction in adult patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurosci Biobehav Rev
December 2024
Neuroscience Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Epilepsy Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Münster University, Germany; Shefa Neuroscience Research Center, Khatam Alanbia Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:
The rising prevalence of treatment-resistant neuropsychiatric disorders underscores the need for innovative and effective treatment strategies. The gut microbiota (GM) plays a pivotal role in the progression of these diseases, influencing the brain and mental health through the gut-brain axis (GBA). The vagus nerve plays a significant role in the GBA, making it a key area of focus for potential novel therapeutic interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Med Case Rep
December 2024
Beijing Acupuncture and Chinese Herbology, 19 Edgemoor Road, Lutherville-Timonium, MD, 21093, USA.
Background: Magnetic therapy has demonstrated beneficial effects for reducing pain, nausea, neuropathy, and various other health concerns in the human body. To our knowledge, limited research has documented the use of auricular static magnetic therapy as a potential treatment for diabetes. This report presents the first evidence of using magnetic discs placed at acupuncture points on the human ear to decrease blood glucose levels and promote the healing of gangrene in diabetic patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Surg
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Background: The main reason restricting stroke patients from reintegrating into society is neurological deficits. Of particular interest is the potential Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) potentially offers for sustaining improvement in neurological deficits. The goal of the present study is to provide a summary of the findings from research that has been carried out to elucidate the mechanisms and demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the clinical application of VNS, as well as to identify research gaps in the field, in order to offer references for subsequent further research and application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!