This study investigated the isotope effects of δC and δN and microbial response during biodegradation of hydrocarbons by biostimulation with nitrate or compost in the petroleum-contaminated soil. Compost and KNO amendments promoted the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal accompanied by a significant increase of Actinobacteria and Firmicutes phyla. Soil alpha diversity decreased after 90 days of biostimulation. An inverse significant carbon isotope effect (ε = 16.6 ± 0.8‰) and strong significant nitrogen isotope effect (ε = -24.20 ± 9.54‰) were shown by the KNO supplementation. For compost amendment, significant carbon and nitrogen isotope effect were ε = 38.8 ± 1.1‰ and ε = -79.49 ± 16.41‰, respectively. A clear difference of the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope fractionation was evident by KNO or compost amendment, which indicated that the mechanisms of petroleum degradation by adding compost or KNO may be different.
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