Dissipation of imidacloprid and its metabolites in Chinese prickly ash (Zanthoxylum) and their dietary risk assessment.

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf

Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University & Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 400712, China; Laboratory of Citrus Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Citrus Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China; Quality Supervision and Testing Center for Citrus and Seedling, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing 400712, China. Electronic address:

Published: December 2021

AI Article Synopsis

  • A study was conducted on the dissipation of imidacloprid (IMI) and its metabolites in Chinese prickly ash (CPA) using QuEChERS and UPLC-MS/MS, which showed high linearity, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity.
  • IMI dissipation in CPA followed first-order kinetics with a half-life of 6.48-7.29 days, with IMI being the dominant compound along with a few other metabolites.
  • Risk assessments revealed that while the long-term dietary risks of IMI were generally acceptable for most of the population, children aged 2 to 7 may face higher risks (RQc of 109.9%).

Article Abstract

Dissipation of imidacloprid (IMI) and its metabolites (urea, olefin, 5-hydroxy, guanidine, 6-chloronicotinic acid) in Chinese prickly ash (CPA) was investigated using QuEChERS combined with UPLC-MS/MS. Good linearity (r ≥0.9963), accuracy (recoveries of 71.8-104.3%), precision (relative standard deviations of 0.9-9.4%), and sensitivity (limit of quantification ≤0.05 mg kg) were obtained. After application of IMI at dosage of 467 mg a.i. L for three times with interval of 7 d, the dissipation dynamics of IMI in CPA followed first-order kinetics, with half-life of 6.48-7.29 d. IMI was the main compound in CPA, followed by urea and guanidine with small amounts of olefin, 5-hydroxy, and 6-chloronicotinic acid. The terminal residues of total IMI and its metabolites at PHI of 14-21 d were 0.16-7.80 mg kg in fresh CPA and 0.41-10.44 mg kg in dried CPA, with the median processing factor of 3.62. Risk assessment showed the acute (RQa) and chronic dietary risk quotients (RQc) of IMI in CPA were 0.020-0.083% and 0.052-0.334%, respectively. Based on the dietary structures of different genders and ages of Chinese people, the whole dietary risk assessment indicated that RQc was less than 100% for the general population except for 2- to 7-year-old children (RQc of 109.9%), implying the long-term risks of IMI were acceptable to common consumers except for children.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112719DOI Listing

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