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Rectal Chlamydia trachomatis Infection: A Narrative Review of the State of the Science and Research Priorities. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • * Many rectal infections are asymptomatic, leading to uncertainties about their health impacts, particularly for women, and there are significant gaps in understanding how these infections spread and their overall clinical importance.
  • * Recent studies suggest gastrointestinal infections might influence immune responses related to urogenital infections, raising questions about their implications for developing a CT vaccine and highlighting the need for more research in this area.

Article Abstract

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most commonly reported infection in the United States. Most chlamydial research to date has focused on urogenital infection, but a growing body of research has demonstrated that rectal chlamydia is a relatively common infection among clinic-attending men and women. We know that most rectal CT infections are asymptomatic, but the health implications of these infections, particularly for women, are unclear. In addition, there are key knowledge gaps related to the epidemiologic parameters of rectal chlamydia, the routes of acquisition, the duration of infection, and the clinical significance of a positive rectal CT test result. This lack of information has led to a blind spot in the potential role of rectal chlamydia in sustaining high levels of CT transmission in the United States. Furthermore, recent findings from animal models suggest that the immune response generated from gastrointestinal chlamydial infection can protect against urogenital infection; however, it remains to be determined whether rectal chlamydia similarly modulates anti-CT immunity in humans. This is a critical question in the context of ongoing efforts to develop a CT vaccine. In this narrative review, we summarize the state of the science for rectal chlamydia and discuss the key outstanding questions and research priorities in this neglected area of sexual health research.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8595876PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001549DOI Listing

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