Application of Bloom's taxonomy to formative assessment in real-time online classes in Korea.

Purpose: This study aims to design that using formative assessment as an instructional strategy in real-time online classes, and to explore the application of Bloom's taxonomy in the development of formative assessment items.

Methods: We designed the instruction using formative assessment in real-time online classes, developed the items of formative assessment, analyzed the items statistically, and investigated students' perceptions of formative assessment through a survey.

Results: It is designed to consist of 2-3 learning outcomes per hour of class and to conduct the formative assessment with 1-2 items after the lecture for each learning outcome. Formative assessment was 31 times in the physiology classes (total 48 hours) of three basic medicine integrated. There were nine "knowledge" items, 40 "comprehension" items, and 55 "application" items. There were 33 items (31.7%) with a correct rate of 80% or higher, which the instructor thought was appropriate. As a result of the survey on students' perceptions of formative assessment, they answered that it was able to concentrate on the class and that it was helpful in achieving learning outcomes.

Conclusion: The students focused during class because they had to take formative assessment immediately after the learning outcome lecture. "Integration of lesson and assessments" was maximized by solving the assessment items as well as through the instructor's immediate explanation of answers. Through formative assessment, the students were able to utilize metacognition by learning what content they understood or did not understand. Items that consider Bloom's taxonomy allow students to remember, understand, and apply to clinical contexts.