Interleukin-19 (IL-19) is a member of the IL-10 family and is an anti-inflammatory cytokine produced mainly by macrophages, epithelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, receptors for IL-19, IL-20 receptor 1 and IL-20 receptor 2, are also expressed in the cells mentioned above. The last 10 years from the finding of IL-19, investigations underline the anti-inflammatory role of IL-19 in the human diseases such as psoriasis, asthma, arteriosclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. If it is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, therapeutic applications may include the use of neutralizing antibodies, however, because IL-19 exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, recombinant products may be useful in therapeutic applications. However, the therapeutic applications of IL-19 for human disease have not yet been developed. In this review, we present the new findings on the preventive and therapeutic effects of IL-19 on various mouse disease models. Increasing knowledge about mouse disease models will increase the feasibility of future human disease applications.
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