Evaluation of cure rate in patients with hepatitis C virus completing shortened courses of treatment.

Background: Guidelines recommend treatment with direct-acting antivirals for a minimum duration of 8 weeks in all patients with hepatitis C virus. Minimizing treatment duration is desirable because of decreased cost and increased adherence. Studies with treatment durations of less than 8 weeks have conflicting data.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of hepatitis C treatment in patients who did not complete the guideline-recommended duration of therapy.

Methods: This was a retrospective, observational case series of patients with hepatitis C virus treated with 7 weeks or less of direct-acting antivirals between November 1, 2017 and July 31, 2019 at a large, academic medical center. The primary end point was cure, defined as sustained virologic response at 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Secondary end points included average duration of therapy, direct-acting antiviral used, and reason for early discontinuation.

Results: Of the 472 patients treated, 13 met criteria for inclusion. Sustained virologic response was achieved in 61.5% of the patients. Two patients (15.3%) were not cured, and 3 patients (23.1%) were lost to follow-up. Median duration of therapy was 4 weeks. All patients who received at least 4 weeks of therapy and remained in care were cured.

Conclusion: In situations in which patients inadvertently stop hepatitis C treatment early, there is still the possibility of cure. Further studies are needed to determine which patient population may benefit from a shorter duration of therapy.