Fatty Acids-Enriched Fractions of (Black Soldier Fly) Larvae Fat Can Combat MDR Pathogenic Fish Bacteria spp.

spp. cause many diseases in aquaculture habitats. (Hi) larvae were used as feed-in aquacultures and in eradicating pathogenic fish bacteria. In the present study, we applied consecutive extractions of the same biomass of BSFL fat using the acidic water-methanol solution. The major constituents of the sequential extracts (SEs) were free fatty acids (FFAs), and fatty acids derivatives as identified by gas chromatography spectrometry (GC-MS). Our improved procedure enabled gradual enrichment in the unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) content in our SEs. The present study aimed to compare the composition and antimicrobial properties of SEs. Among actual fish pathogens, and demonstrated multiple drug resistance (MDR) against different recommended standard antibiotics: was resistant to six, while was resistant to four antibiotics from ten used in the present study. For the first time, we demonstrated the high dose-dependent antibacterial activity of each SE against spp., especially MDR . The bacteriostatic and bactericidal (MIC/MBC) activity of SEs was significantly enhanced through the sequential extractions. The third sequential extract (AWME3) possessed the highest activity against spp.: inhibition zone diameters were in the range (21.47 ± 0.14-20.83 ± 0.22 mm) at a concentration of 40 mg/mL, MIC values ranged between 0.09 and 0.38 mg/mL for and , respectively. AWME3 MBC values recorded 0.19 and 0.38 mg/mL, while MIC values were 0.065 ± 0.004 and 0.22 ± 0.005 mg/mL against and , respectively. Thus, the larvae fat from may serve as an excellent reservoir of bioactive molecules with good capacity to eradicate the multidrug-resistant bacteria, having promising potential for practical application in the aquaculture field.