This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art procedures in terms of the preparation of -arylindoles. After a short introduction, the transition-metal-free procedures available for the -arylation of indoles are briefly discussed. Then, the nickel-catalyzed and palladium-catalyzed -arylation of indoles are both discussed. In the next section, copper-catalyzed procedures for the -arylation of indoles are described. The final section focuses on recent findings in the field of biologically active -arylindoles.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165079 | DOI Listing |
Org Lett
January 2025
School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.
Natural product biosynthesis is nature's tinkering ground for developing new enzymes that can achieve chemical transformations that are outside the purview of traditional chemical catalysis. Herein we describe a genome mining approach that leads to the discovery of a halogenase that regioselectively brominates a tryptophan side chain indole for a macrocyclic peptide substrate, enabling downstream chemical arylation by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. The halogenase was found to prefer a macrocyclic peptide substrate over a linear peptide.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Biomol Chem
January 2025
Advanced Catalysis and Green Manufacturing Collaborative Innovation Center, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
A visible-light-promoted azidation/arylation of unactivated alkenes with Togni-N has been achieved, leading to a series of azidated pyrrolo[1,2-]indoles under photocatalyst-free conditions. Notably, an EDA complex derived from the electron-rich indole derivatives and Togni-N served as the key intermediate in this reaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMini Rev Med Chem
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia.
Indole, a ubiquitous structural motif in bioactive compounds, has played a pivotal role in drug discovery. Among indole derivatives, indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3A) has emerged as a particularly promising scaffold for the development of therapeutic agents. This review delves into the recent advancements in the chemical modification of I3A and its derivatives, highlighting their potential applications in various therapeutic areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrg Biomol Chem
January 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry Technology and Resource Development, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, P. R. China.
We present a mild and efficient method for the arylation of N-H heteroarenes using a low-loading Pd/keYPhos catalyst (0.8 mol%). This approach employs inexpensive and structurally diverse aryl chlorides as electrophiles in reactions with indoles, pyrroles, and carbazole, enabling the construction of a wide range of -arylated products.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcc Chem Res
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institution for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
ConspectusControlling selectivity through manipulation of reaction intermediates remains one of the most enduring challenges in organic chemistry, providing novel solutions for selective C-C π-bond functionalization. This approach, guided by activation principles, provides an effective method for selective functional group installation, enabling direct synthesis of organic molecules that are inaccessible through conventional pathways. In particular, the selective functionalization of N-conjugated allenes and alkynes has emerged as a promising research focus, driven by advances in controlling reactive intermediates and activation strategies.
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