Multiple sulfur (δS, ΔS, & ΔS), nitrogen and oxygen (δN & δO) and strontium (Sr/Sr) isotope compositions of precipitation collected from Seoul, South Korea were analyzed to study the sources, transportation and deposition of air pollutants in East Asia. The δS values (from 1.9 to 14.6‰ with a median of 4.7‰) and the δN values (from -2.0 to 13.3‰ with a median of 1.0‰) suggest that fossil fuel use (emission from coal combustion and vehicle exhaust) is a predominant source for sulfur and nitrogen, but other natural sources including biogenic contributions of DMS also add to their total budget. The seasonal variations are observed in δS and δN values (both higher in winter season), which is likely to result from the increase of coal use for domestic heating in China. The δO values also varied seasonally depending on the NO oxidation pathway, being about 20‰ higher in winter than in summer season. The ΔS and ΔS values are not anomalous, showing the absence of MIF signals in precipitation of Seoul. The Sr/Sr ratio of the precipitation samples range from 0.70988 to 0.71487 with a median of 0.71073, indicating the influence of at least three end-member (silicate dust, carbonate dust and anthropogenic emission). Ionic ratios such as (K+NH)/(Ca+Mg) and Cl/Na suggest the overwhelming effect of anthropogenic input rather than carbonate dust on the end-member with lower Sr/Sr ratios.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117548 | DOI Listing |
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