Magnetic biochar derived from rice straw and stainless steel pickling waste liquor for highly efficient adsorption of crystal violet.

Reducing the preparation cost of magnetic biochar is necessary for its large-scale application as an adsorbent. In this study, stainless steel pickling waste liquor and rice straw were successfully applied to synthesize of magnetic biochar (SPWL-MBC). Several iron oxides adhered on the biochar matrix, mainly FeO, FeO and FeO. SPWL-MBC exhibited superparamagnetism, and its specific surface area was 274.29 m/g. The material was able to adsorb a model contaminant, crystal violet (CV), with a maximum adsorption capacity of approximately 111.48 mg/g. Adsorption mechanism analysis showed that iron oxides, π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction were responsible for the adsorption of CV. The CV adsorption efficiency of SPWL-MBC remained 71.91% after three adsorption-regeneration cycles. These outcomes illustrate that the magnetic biochar prepared from stainless steel pickling waste liquor can effectively remove CV from wastewater.