Ternary Hybrid Perovskite Solid Solution Single Crystals: Growth, Composition Determination and Phase Stability in Highly Moist Atmosphere.

Ternary hybrid perovskite solid solutions have shown superior optoelectronic properties and better stability than their ABX simple perovskite counterparts under ambient conditions. However, crystal growth and identification of the accurate composition of these complex crystalline compounds remain challenging, and their stability under extreme conditions such as in highly moist atmosphere is unknown. Herein, large-size (up to 2 cm) single crystals of ternary perovskite 0.80FAPbI  ⋅ x'FAPbBr  ⋅ y'CsPbI (x'+y'=0.20) are grown. An elemental analysis method based on wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence is proposed to determine their accurate compositions. Among these single crystals, the composition with y'=0.12 shows the best moisture stability at 90 % relative humidity for 15 days. Other components with richer or poorer Cs ions undergo different phase segregation behaviours. The performance and stability of photodetectors based on these single crystals are tested. This work offers a deeper insight into phase stability of ternary hybrid perovskite solid solution crystals in highly moist atmosphere.