Higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio after the first cycle of the first-line chemotherapy is associated with poor cancer specific survival of upper urinary tract carcinoma patients.

Background: Inflammatory cytokines and immature myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which increase during cancer progression, could lead to a neutrophil increase and lymphocyte reduction. Thus, the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was used to predict survival of patients suffering from urological cancers including upper urinary tract carcinoma. We further determined whether the NLR during the first cycle of first-line chemotherapy could predict cancer specific survival.

Methods: We recruited patients with locally advanced or metastatic upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) who received chemotherapy between January 2014 and July 2019. We investigated the impact of various clinical variables, including age, sex, performance status, and estimated creatinine clearance (CCr), and NLR before and after the first cycle of the first-line chemotherapy on prognosis.

Results: A total of 41 patients were included in our study. Cancer specific survival of the patients with lower NLR was significantly better than that of the patients with higher NLR measured after the first cycle of the first-line chemotherapy (log-rank test P=0.005, median 29.2 11.9 months, respectively). Cox proportional regression analysis showed that higher NLR after the first cycle of the first-line chemotherapy was a significant predictor of cancer specific survival.

Conclusions: The NLR after the first cycle of the first-line chemotherapy could be an indication for patients with locally advanced or metastatic UTUC to maintain their first-line chemotherapy treatment.