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Challenges and global trends in combating enteric hepatitis.

J Gen Virol

December 2024

Laboratory of Applied Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil.

Enteric hepatitis, represented by the hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV), remains a significant global public health concern. While much progress has been made, many aspects of the biology and pathophysiology of HAV and HEV are still not fully understood. One of the major challenges is the absence of a reliable system for virus replication.

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Aim: Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD) is a complication after Fontan surgery, and a common cause of liver tumors and cirrhosis. However, no diagnostic criteria for FALD have been established, leading to an underestimation of its prevalence.

Methods: We conducted a national survey to elucidate the characteristics of FALD by collecting data from high-volume centers managing patients who had undergone the Fontan surgery in Japan.

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Background: The histological improvement in liver fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C who achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) to direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment has not been comprehensively investigated. Therefore, we assessed the histological changes in liver fibrosis among patients with hepatitis C who underwent long-term follow-up after achieving SVR to treatment with DAA.

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Article Synopsis
  • Wastewater-based epidemiology can be a useful method for tracking hepatitis A infections in communities by analyzing wastewater samples for the virus (HAV) RNA levels from 191 treatment plants across the U.S. over several months.
  • Results showed that about 13.76% of wastewater samples tested positive for HAV RNA, and these positivity rates correlated with reported hepatitis A cases and socio-economic vulnerabilities like homelessness and drug overdose deaths.
  • The study suggests that detecting HAV in wastewater could precede clinical cases, which might help public health officials to implement timely interventions such as vaccination campaigns, especially in at-risk populations.
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T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin (TIM) family proteins facilitate the clearance of apoptotic cells, are involved in immune regulation, and promote infection of enveloped viruses. These processes are frequently studied in experimental animals, such as mice or rhesus macaques, but functional differences among the TIM orthologs from these species have not been described. Previously, we reported that while all three human TIM proteins bind phosphatidylserine (PS), only human TIM1 (hTIM1) binds phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and that this PE-binding ability contributes to both phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells and viral infection.

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