APOA-5 Genetic Variant rs662799: Role in Lipid Changes and Insulin Resistance after a Mediterranean Diet in Caucasian Obese Subjects.

Background And Aims: This APOA5-1131C allele is related with a higher serum triglyceride levels and perhaps a different metabolic response to a dietary intervention. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate SNP rs662799 in the gene and its associations with metabolic effects after a hypocaloric diet with Mediterranean pattern.

Methods: A population of 363 Caucasian obese patients was enrolled. Anthropometric parameters and serum parameters (lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR), glucose, C reactive protein, adiponectin, resistin, and leptin levels) were measured, at basal time and after 3 months. All patients were genotyped in the rs662799 polymorphism.

Results: The variant distribution was as follows: 89.3% ( = 324) (TT) were homozygous for the T allele, 10.5% ( = 38) (TC) were heterozygous, and 0.2% ( = 1) (CC) were homozygous for the C allele. Triglyceride levels were higher in patients with the C allele. After dietary intervention, BMI, weight, fat mass, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, adiponectin, leptin, and adiponectin/leptin ratio improved significantly in both genotype groups TT and TC+CC. After dietary intervention, insulin levels (delta: -3.6 ± 0.8 UI/L vs. -1.5 ± 0.6 UI/L; = 0.03), HOMA-IR (delta: -1.5 ± 0.4 units vs. -0.3 ± 0.2 units; = 0.02), and triglyceride levels (delta: -19.3 ± 4.2 mg/dL vs. -3.2 ± 3.1 mg/dL; = 0.02) decreased in non-C allele carriers.

Conclusions: C allele carriers of rs662799 of the gene did not show an improvement in triglyceride, insulin, and HOMA-IR levels after a significant weight loss due to a hypocaloric diet with a Mediterranean pattern.