A composite adsorbent composed of metallic copper (Cu), polypyrrole (PPy), halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and magnetite nanoparticles (FeO) was developed to extract and enrich sulfonamides by dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction. The composite could adsorb sulfonamides via hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic, π-π and π-electron-metal interactions. The extraction conditions were optimized and the developed composite adsorbent was characterized and provided a large surface area that enhanced extraction efficiency for sulfonamides. Coupled with high performance liquid chromatography, the adsorbent was used to quantitatively determine sulfonamides found in milk samples. The response of the developed method exhibited linearity from 5.0 to 150.0 μg kg for sulfathiazole, and from 2.5 to 100.0 μg kg for sulfamerazine, sulfamonomethoxine and sulfadimethoxine. Limits of detection were between 2.5 and 5.0 μg kg. Recoveries of sulfonamides in milk samples ranged from 83.0 to 99.2% with RSDs lower than 6%. The developed composite adsorbent showed good reproducibility and reusability.
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