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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.08.018 | DOI Listing |
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Bilingual disadvantages are systematically compensated by bilingual advantages across tasks and populations.
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Department of Catalan Philology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Bilingualism is linked to both enhanced and hampered performance in various cognitive measures, yet the extent to which these bilingual advantages and disadvantages co-occur is unclear. To address this gap, we perform a systematic review and two quantitative analyses. First, we analyze results from 39 studies, obtained through the PRISMA method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZero-sum or worse? Considering detrimental effects of selective mandates on voluntary childhood vaccinations.
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Win-win denial: The psychological underpinnings of zero-sum thinking.
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Department of Psychology, Yale University.
A core proposition in economics is that voluntary exchanges benefit both parties. We show that people often deny the mutually beneficial nature of exchange, instead espousing the belief that one or both parties fail to benefit from the exchange. Across four studies (and 8 further studies in the online supplementary materials), participants read about simple exchanges of goods and services, judging whether each party to the transaction was better off or worse off afterward.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper proposes a simple extension of the celebrated MINIMAX algorithm used in zero-sum two-player games, called Rminimax. The Rminimax algorithm allows controlling the strength of an artificial rival by randomizing its strategy in an optimal way. In particular, the randomized shortest-path framework is applied for biasing the artificial intelligence (AI) adversary toward worse or better solutions, therefore controlling its strength.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPredictions of Taylor's power law, density dependence and pink noise from a neutrally modeled time series.
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Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 12844 Praha 2, Czech Republic.
There has recently been increasing interest in neutral models of biodiversity and their ability to reproduce the patterns observed in nature, such as species abundance distributions. Here we investigate the ability of a neutral model to predict phenomena observed in single-population time series, a study complementary to most existing work that concentrates on snapshots in time of the whole community. We consider tests for density dependence, the dominant frequencies of population fluctuation (spectral density) and a relationship between the mean and variance of a fluctuating population (Taylor's power law).
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