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Environmental and genetic effects of captivity - are there lessons for monarch butterfly conservation?
Curr Opin Insect Sci
October 2023
University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address:
Rearing monarch butterflies in captivity for later release is a popular but contentious activity due to concerns about its potential negative effects on the wild population. In this review, I discuss how captive rearing and breeding could impact monarch fitness in the wild, the current evidence for such impacts in monarchs and other captive-reared/released organisms, and how this should inform our efforts to conserve monarchs and other species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRevisiting geographic variation in melanism of monarch butterfly larvae in North America using iNaturalist photos.
J Therm Biol
December 2022
Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
Monarch butterflies in North America have an exceptionally large breeding distribution, occupying regions west of the Rocky Mountains and throughout the eastern seaboard. An experimental study conducted 17 years ago and published in this journal appeared to show that western monarch larvae tend to have smaller black stripes than those from eastern parents, which at the time was thought to be an adaptation to higher solar exposure in California. Here, we revisit this question by measuring melanism of eastern and western larvae from online photographs submitted to iNaturalist by members of the public.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring the Role of Cognition in the Annual Fall Migration of the Monarch Butterfly ().
Insects
August 2021
Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA 02747-2300, USA.
Each fall, monarch butterflies in eastern North America undergo an extraordinary long-distance migration to wintering areas in central Mexico, where they remain until returning northward in the spring. Migrants survive the overwintering period by metabolizing lipid reserves accumulated exclusively though floral nectar; however, there is little known about how individuals maximize foraging efficiency in the face of floral environments that constantly change in complex and unpredictable ways along their migratory route. Here, a proboscis extension paradigm is used to investigate the role of cognition during the foraging phase of monarch migration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCaptive-reared monarchs tracked in the wild show southward migration: reply to Davis (2021).
Conserv Physiol
August 2021
Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
Captive-reared migratory monarchs fly in the wrong direction: a critique of Wilcox .
Conserv Physiol
August 2021
Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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