Overexpression of F-Box Nictaba Promotes Defense and Anthocyanin Accumulation in After Infection.

pv. DC3000 ( DC3000) is a well-known pathogen and model organism used to study plant-pathogen interactions and subsequent plant immune responses. Numerous studies have demonstrated the effect of DC3000 on plants and how type III effectors are required to promote bacterial virulence and pathogenesis. F-Box Nictaba (encoded by ) is a stress-inducible lectin that is upregulated in leaves after DC3000 infection. In this study, a flood inoculation assay was optimized to check the performance of transgenic seedlings with different expression levels of F-Box Nictaba after bacterial infection. Using a combination of multispectral and fluorescent imaging combined with molecular techniques, disease symptoms, transcript levels for F-Box Nictaba, and disease-related genes were studied in leaves infected with two virulent strains: DC3000 and its mutant strain, deficient in flagellin Δ. Analyses of plants infected with fluorescently labeled DC3000 allowed us to study the differences in bacterial colonization between plant lines. Overexpression plants showed a reduced bacterial content during the later stages of the infection. Our results show that overexpression of F-Box Nictaba resulted in reduced leaf damage after bacterial infections, whereas knockdown and knockout lines were not more susceptible to infection than wild-type plants. In contrast to wild-type and knockout plants, overexpressing lines for F-Box Nictaba revealed a significant increase in anthocyanin content, better efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), and higher chlorophyll content after DC3000 infection. Overexpression of F-Box Nictaba coincided with increased expression of salicylic acid (SA) related defense genes, confirming earlier data that showed that F-Box Nictaba is part of the SA-dependent defense against DC3000 infection. Knockout lines yielded no discernible effects on plant symptoms after infection suggesting possible gene redundancy between F-Box Nictaba genes.