EEG Biomarkers of Repository Corticotropin Injection Treatment.

Purpose: Hypsarrhythmia is one of the major diagnostic and treatment response criteria in infantile spasms (IS). The clinical and electrophysiological effect of repository corticotropin injection treatment on IS was evaluated using electrophysiological biomarkers.

Methods: Consecutive infants (<24 months) treated with repository corticotropin injection for IS were included in this retrospective descriptive study. Inclusion criteria were (1) clinical IS diagnosis, (2) repository corticotropin injection treatment, and (3) consecutive EEG recordings before and after repository corticotropin injection treatment. Patients with tuberous sclerosis complex were excluded. Response to treatment was defined as freedom from IS for at least 7 consecutive days during the treatment and resolution of hypsarrhythmia. The authors defined "relapse" as the recurrence of seizures after an initial response. Electrophysiological biomarker assessment included evaluation of semiautomatic spike counting algorithm, delta power, and delta coherence calculation during non-REM sleep EEG.

Results: One hundred fifty patients (83 males; 55%; median age of IS onset: 5.9 months) with complete data were included, including 101 responders (67%, 71 with sustained response, and 30 relapses). Fifty patients (33%) with complete EEG data also underwent advanced EEG analysis. Baseline delta coherence was higher in sustained responders than in nonresponders or patients who relapsed. Greater decreases in semiautomatic spike counting algorithm, delta power, and delta coherence were found in sustained responders compared with nonresponders or patients who relapsed.

Conclusions: Repository corticotropin injection treatment was associated with a 67% response rate in patients with IS. Computational biomarkers beyond hypsarrhythmia may provide additional information during IS treatment, such as early determination of treatment response and outcome assessment.