Charles Gaine (1827-1914) - an orthodontic pioneer in Brighton and Bath.

John Nutting Farrar (1839-1913) has been hailed as the 'father of American orthodontics' and his textbook, published in 1888, is often claimed to be the first devoted exclusively to orthodontics, while the American Emerson Angell is supposed to be the inventor of the orthodontic 'jackscrew'. However, the unknown Englishman Charles Gaine, identified by Lilian Lindsay in 1933 as the author of the first British orthodontic textbook, could be said to be the father of British orthodontics, as the publication of his book in 1858 and his demonstration of the screw appliance at the Great Exhibition of 1851 predated both these transatlantic events.