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Venom pathology is not restricted to the direct toxic effects of venom. Immunoinflammatory alteration as the etiology of snake venom-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI) is a less trodden path toward the development of alternative therapeutic approach. In the present study, we have associated the crest of renal damage stage to the immunological alteration, as reflected in thymic and peripheral T cell polarization in the murine model of SAKI. Renal injury in mice was confirmed from significant dysuresis and adversely altered biochemical renal markers. Histopathological alterations, as revealed by marked tubular and glomerular damage, reaffirmed kidney injury. SAKI is accompanied by significant inflammatory changes as indicated by neutrophilic leucocytosis, increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and plasma CRP levels. Thymic immunophenotyping revealed significantly increased CD8 cytotoxic T cell, and CD25 both single positive population ( = .017-0.010) and CD44CD25 double negative population (DN3) ( = .002) accompanied by an insignificantly reduced CD4 helper T cells ( = .451). Peripheral immunophenotyping revealed similar pattern as indicated by reduced helper T cells ( = .002) associated with significantly elevated cytotoxic T cells ( = .009) and CD25 subset of both helper ( = .002) and cytotoxic ( = .024) T cells. The IL-10 subset of both CD25 and CD25 T cells were also found to be significantly elevated in the SAKI group (p ≤ 0.020) suggesting an immunosuppressive phenotype in SAKI. It can be concluded that T cells responds to venom-induced renal injury particularly through IL-10 reparative phenotypes which are known for their immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory activity.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08820139.2021.1960369 | DOI Listing |
Liver Int
January 2025
Division of Gastroenterology-Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Introduction: Racial/ethnic disparities have been previously reported in renal and hepatic disease care; however, acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of cirrhosis (hepatorenal syndrome [HRS]-AKI) despite its complexity requiring a multidisciplinary approach, remains understudied.
Methods: To identify unique associations of clinical and sociodemographic factors with mortality and length of stay (LOS) among patients hospitalised with HRS-AKI, hierarchical regression analysis was conducted, along with a mediation analysis to estimate how race-related differences in in-hospital mortality were influenced by payer type, area household income, and clinical severity.
Results: Black patients demonstrated a significantly higher odds of in-hospital mortality, compared to their white counterparts, adjusting for (1) sex and age, (2) sex, age, payer type, and area household income and (3) sex, age, and clinical severity [OR 1.
Front Med (Lausanne)
December 2024
Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Background: Gabapentinoids, such as gabapentin and pregabalin, are opioid substitutes commonly included in perioperative multimodal analgesia regimens. We investigated whether the initiation of gabapentin and pregabalin during the perioperative period have varying effects on the adverse renal outcomes.
Methods: This study included adult participants who received surgery in the INSPIRE database.
Infect Drug Resist
December 2024
School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
Sepsis is a complicated clinical disease caused by a defective host response to infection, leading to elevated morbidity and fatality globally. Sepsis patients have a significant risk of life-threatening organ damage, including hearts, brains, lungs, kidneys, and livers. Nevertheless, the molecular pathways driving organ injury in sepsis are not well known.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharm Technol
December 2024
College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Background: Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are associated with potential tendon injury but comparative risk versus other antibiotic (non-FQ) options for the same indication has rarely been evaluated.
Objective: Describe the incidence (relative risk) of any tendon injury in patients receiving FQs compared with other (non-FQ) antibiotics for treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs).
Methods: A retrospective propensity score-weighted cohort study was performed to evaluate the association between FQ antibiotics and tendon injury at two time points (within one month and within six months of use) compared with non-FQ regimens for treatment of UTI.
Pan Afr Med J
December 2024
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Hasanuddin University Hospital, Makassar, Indonesia.
Acute heart failure is associated with high hospitalization and mortality rates. A strong, independent risk factor for mortality in patients with heart failure is acute kidney injury, and the condition caused by this connection between disturbances in heart function and proper kidney functioning is cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). This case report discusses the role of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in the management of a CRS case with septic shock due to pneumonia.
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