Tunable topologically nontrivial states in newly discovered graphyne allotropes: from Dirac nodal grid to Dirac nodal loop.

By means of quotient-graph associated crystal prediction method, a new graphyne allotrope with unique Dirac nodal grid state is reported in this work. It is named as 191-E24Y24-1 according to its hexagonal lattice (with P6/mmm symmetry, No. 191) containing 24 sp-hybridized carbon atoms and 24 sp-hybridized ones. The first-principles results show that the total energy of 191-E24Y24-1 is more favorable than that of recent synthesizedβ-graphdiyne and carbon ene-yne. It is also demonstrated to be dynamically, thermally, and mechanically stable. Interestingly, the 191-E24Y24-1 harbors intrinsic semimetal features showing intriguing hexagonal Dirac nodal grid state in the reciprocal space. Such unique electronic state is stable against small external tensile strains, and it is tunable under compression strains which will transform to new triangle Dirac nodal grid state. Moreover, a new metastable graphyne allotrope named 191-E12Y36-4 with Dirac nodal loop state is also observed in the process of stretching 191-E24Y24-1 with large tensile strains. The results presented in this work reveal two novel graphyne allotropes with exotic electronic properties. These discoveries are not only physical interesting, but also provide potential material candidates for carbon-based high performance electronic nanodevices.