: A Kaupapa Māori Approach to (Dementia) and Cognitive Assessment of Older Māori.

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate (Indigenous peoples of Aotearoa New Zealand) understandings of dementia () and develop a framework to inform assessment of cognitive impairment.

Method: Qualitative, (Mori approach) research with 241 older Māori () involving 17 focus groups across Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) and eight families () from one region. We thematically analyzed transcribed data from audio-recorded interviews.

Results: Two overarching themes, namely, connection () and self (), and eight subthemes in particular mind (), spirit (), body (), family (), social connection (), identity and role (), place (), and ancestors () emerged. Māori language () was important for cognitive health.

Conclusion: The findings embedded in cultural values improve understanding of dementia () in Māori. These themes can inform the assessment of older Māori with cognitive impairment. For those without cognitive impairment, the framework suggests factors potentially crucial for healthy aging in Māori.