In childhood, infectious diseases, as a rule, are generalized in nature with the development of urgent or critical conditions that require the transfer of the child to mechanical ventilation. A child's stay on mechanical ventilation, on the one hand, is vital, on the other hand, it is a factor that threatens the development of acute encephalopathy, mechanical ventilation associated pneumonia, polyneuropathy and myopathy of critical conditions. According to the authors, the incidence of critical encephalopathy in patients with generalized infectious diseases who are on mechanical ventilation is 75%, and in the long-term (after 1 year) outcome in convalescents, the frequency of neurological deficit reaches 33%. In this regard, it is extremely important to timely diagnose and predict encephalopathy, including in children, as well as early adequate therapy with the inclusion of a complex action drug Cytoflavin, which has not only an antioxidant, antiplatelet effect, but also anti-inflammatory and remyelinating. The article presents a clinical case of critical state encephalopathy, which developed against the background of a severe infectious disease after artificial ventilation with effective timely use of Cytoflavin.

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