This study evaluated the immunonutritional effects caused by protease inhibitors from Avena sativa and to human macrophage-like cells. Macrophages were exposed (3 h) to extracts obtained from flours, and mitochondrial-associated oxygen consumption rates and inflammatory, metabolic, and proteome adaptations were quantified. Mass spectrometry '/' signals of the extracts obtained from and revealed molecular weights of 18-35 kDa and 16-22 kDa, respectively, for the compounds present at highest concentrations. Extracts from exhibited lower susceptibility to degradation by gastrointestinal enzymes than those from : 9.5% vs 20.2%. Despite their different botanical origin, both extracts increased TLR4 expression. Metabolic protein levels were indicative of a decreased glycolytic to lactate flux in cell cultures upon stimulation with extracts, which improved mitochondrial respiration in relation to those from . Principal components analysis confirmed relative similarities between immune-metabolic events triggered by immunonutritional ingredients in and . Collectively, immunonutritional effects help to interpret the differences between both crops, worsening or improving, macrophage immune reactivity (tolerogenicity), and better control of inflammatory processes.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158307 | DOI Listing |
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