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Systematic Review of Hybrid Vision Transformer Architectures for Radiological Image Analysis.
J Imaging Inform Med
January 2025
School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
Vision transformer (ViT)and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) each possess distinct strengths in medical imaging: ViT excels in capturing long-range dependencies through self-attention, while CNNs are adept at extracting local features via spatial convolution filters. While ViT may struggle with capturing detailed local spatial information, critical for tasks like anomaly detection in medical imaging, shallow CNNs often fail to effectively abstract global context. This study aims to explore and evaluate hybrid architectures that integrate ViT and CNN to leverage their complementary strengths for enhanced performance in medical vision tasks, such as segmentation, classification, reconstruction, and prediction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtensive benchmarking of a method that estimates external model performance from limited statistical characteristics.
NPJ Digit Med
January 2025
KI Research Institute, Kfar Malal, Israel.
Predictive model performance may deteriorate when applied to data sources that were not used for training, thus, external validation is a key step in successful model deployment. As access to patient-level external data sources is typically limited, we recently proposed a method that estimates external model performance using only external summary statistics. Here, we benchmark the proposed method on multiple tasks using five large heterogeneous US data sources, where each, in turn, plays the role of an internal source and the remaining-external.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Recursive Model Approach to Include Epigenetic Effects in Genetic Evaluations Using Simulated DNA Methylation Effects.
J Anim Breed Genet
January 2025
Departamento de Mejora Genética Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
The advancement of epigenetics has highlighted DNA methylation as an intermediate-omic influencing gene regulation and phenotypic expression. With emerging technologies enabling the large-scale and affordable capture of methylation data, there is growing interest in integrating this information into genetic evaluation models for animal breeding. This study used methylome information from six dairy cows to simulate the methylation profile of 13,183 genotyped animals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNoise-Tolerant Force Calculations in Density Functional Theory: A Surface Integral Approach for Wavelet-Based Methods.
J Phys Chem A
January 2025
Hylleraas Centre, Department of Chemistry, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromso̷ N-9037, Norway.
We introduce a method for computing quantum mechanical forces through surface integrals over the stress tensor within the framework of the density functional theory. This approach avoids the inaccuracies of traditional force calculations using the Hellmann-Feynman theorem when applied to multiresolution wavelet representations of orbitals. By integrating the quantum mechanical stress tensor over surfaces that enclose individual nuclei, we achieve highly accurate forces that exhibit superior consistency with the potential energy surface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackgrounds: Biomedical research requires sophisticated understanding and reasoning across multiple specializations. While large language models (LLMs) show promise in scientific applications, their capability to safely and accurately support complex biomedical research remains uncertain.
Methods: We present , a novel question-and-answer benchmark for evaluating LLMs in biomedical research.
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