Harold Copping illustrated an edition of Charles Dickens' classic, "A Christmas Carol." One of the paintings of Bob Cratchit and Tiny Tim in the book shows Tiny Tim wearing braces on his lower limbs. Several diagnoses of Tiny Tim's ailment have been suggested in the past but based on the details of Copping's painting we suggest that he had rickets. The above-knee braces with uprights only on the lateral side of the limbs may have been given to prevent genu valgum, a common deformity in childhood rickets.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BPO.0000000000001937 | DOI Listing |
J Thorac Oncol
December 2024
Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Centre of Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address:
Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed lung cancer treatment, yet their effectiveness appears restricted to certain patient subsets. Current clinical stratification based on PD-L1 expression offers limited predictive value. Given the mechanism of action, directly detecting spatial PD1-PD-L1 interactions might yield more precise insights into immune responses and treatment outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharm Sci
January 2025
Department of Industrial and Molecular Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States. Electronic address:
Development of a release test for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) that is in vivo predictive is essential to identify optimally performing formulations early in development. For ASDs containing an enteric polymer, consideration of buffer properties is essential. Herein, release rates of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) and ritonavir from ASDs with a 20% drug loading were compared in phosphate and bicarbonate buffers with different molarities, at pH 6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharm Sci
September 2024
Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
Dynamic in vitro absorption systems and mechanistic absorption modeling via PBPK have both shown promise in predicting human oral absorption, although these efforts have been largely separate; this work aimed to integrate knowledge from these approaches to investigate the oral absorption of a RET inhibitor, pralsetinib, with BCS Class II properties. Tiny-TIM (TIM B.V.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Pharm Sci
June 2024
Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA.
Safety and efficacy are the most critical factors for the development of modern medications. For oral drugs, evaluating drug exposure under various conditions is one of the most important outcomes for clinical trials. These data will help to better understand the safety and efficacy of new drugs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Appl Clin Med Phys
May 2024
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Gadjah MadaSekip Utara Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Background: It is challenging to visually identify tiny and concealed foreign objects within the body due to their small size and subcutaneous location while they can cause infections.
Methods: A non-contact photoacoustic system based on Rosencwaig-Gersho photoacoustic theory and dual modulator method is developed for detecting foreign objects in meat.
Result: The experiments conducted validate the successful development of this measurement technique with 10 μm spatial resolution and its corresponding mathematical model, demonstrating an 11% Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) in comparison to the experimental results.
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