Editorial Commentary: When Treating Cartilage Lesions With Osseous Involvement, Biologic "Chondrofacilitation" Using Either Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate or Mesenchymal Stem Cells Augments Microfracture.

The use of biologic augmentation following microfracture for symptomatic cartilage defects of the knee with osseous involvement shows encouraging results. Bone marrow aspirate concentrate provides growth factors to the injury site, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor-βa, and bone morphogenetic proteins in addition to the mesenchymal stem cells present in the concentrate. Cellular-based therapies like mesenchymal stem cells are becoming more widely used in conjunction with surgical treatment of focal cartilage lesions with early promising results. Both treatment options improve clinical and radiographic outcomes. As for the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells versus bone marrow aspirate concentrate, we believe that both have promising results.