The smallest of all the pathogens, viruses, have continuously been the foremost strange microorganisms. Viral infections can cause extreme sicknesses as evidenced by the HIV/AIDS widespread or the later Ebola or Zika episodes. Apprehensive framework distortions are also regularly observed as consequences of numerous viral infections. Besides, numerous viral infections are of oncoviruses, which can trigger different types of cancer. Nearly every year, a modern infectious species emerges, debilitating the world population with an annihilating episode. Subsequently, there is a need to create antivirals to combat such rising infections. From the discovery of the antiviral drug Idoxuridine in 1962 to the revelation of Baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza) that was approved by the FDA in 2018, the whole process and criteria of creating antivirals have changed significantly. In this article, different auxiliary science strategies are described that can serve as a referral for therapeutic innovation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467214666210804152836 | DOI Listing |
J Med Internet Res
January 2025
Department of Community Health Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.
Background: Improving adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) via digital health interventions (DHIs) for young sexual and gender minority men who have sex with men (YSGMMSM) is promising for reducing the HIV burden. Measuring and achieving effective engagement (sufficient to solicit PrEP adherence) in YSGMMSM is challenging.
Objective: This study is a secondary analysis of the primary efficacy randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Prepared, Protected, Empowered (P3), a digital PrEP adherence intervention that used causal mediation to quantify whether and to what extent intrapersonal behavioral, mental health, and sociodemographic measures were related to effective engagement for PrEP adherence in YSGMMSM.
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Importance: Women who use heroin in sub-Saharan Africa face elevated HIV risk linked to structural vulnerability including frequent incarceration. However, little is known about the association between incarceration and drug use and HIV outcomes among women who use heroin in Africa.
Objective: To estimate associations between incarceration and adverse HIV-related and drug use-related outcomes among women who used heroin.
Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids
January 2025
Faculty of Agriculture and Allied Sciences, C.V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar, India.
The field of biomedical science has witnessed another milestone with the advent of RNA-based therapeutics. This review explores three major RNA molecules, namely: messenger RNA (mRNA), RNA interference technology (RNAi), and Antisense Oligonucleotide (ASO), and analyses U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnesth Analg
February 2025
SC Terapia Intensiva Neurochirurgica, Ospedale San Carlo Borromeo, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milano, Italy.
Background: Computed tomography (CT)-derived low muscle mass is associated with adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. Muscle ultrasound is a promising strategy for quantitating muscle mass. We evaluated the association between baseline ultrasound rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RF-CSA) and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Biol Rep
January 2025
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hazrat-e Rasool General Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Dengue virus (DENV) poses a considerable threat to public health on a global scale, since about two-thirds of the world's population is currently at risk of contracting this arbovirus. Being transmitted by mosquitoes, this virus is associated with a range of illnesses and a small percentage of infected individuals might suffer from severe vascular leakage. This leakage leads to hypovolemic shock syndrome, generally known as dengue shock syndrome, organ failure, and bleeding complications.
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