Interactions between lymphocytes and stromal cells have an important role in immune cell development and responses. During inflammation, stromal cells contribute to inflammation, from induction to chronicity or resolution, through direct cell interactions and through the secretion of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Stromal cells are imprinted with tissue-specific phenotypes and contribute to site-specific lymphocyte recruitment. During chronic inflammation, the modified pro-inflammatory microenvironment leads to changes in the stromal cells, which acquire a pathogenic phenotype. At the site of inflammation, infiltrating B cells and T cells interact with stromal cells. These interactions induce a plasma cell-like phenotype in B cells and T cells, associated with secretion of immunoglobulins and inflammatory cytokines, respectively. B cells and T cells also influence the stromal cells, inducing cell proliferation, molecular changes and cytokine production. This positive feedback loop contributes to disease chronicity. This Review describes the importance of these cell interactions in chronic inflammation, with a focus on human disease, using three selected autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis (and psoriasis) and systemic lupus erythematosus. Understanding the importance and disease specificity of these interactions could provide new therapeutic options.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41584-021-00665-4 | DOI Listing |
Clin Med Insights Case Rep
December 2024
Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Balamand, Beirut, Lebanon.
Leiomyomas are uncommon tumors of the gastrointestinal system, representing around 0.03% to 0.05% of all rectal tumors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrohn's disease (CD) is a complex inflammatory bowel disease resulting from an interplay of genetic, microbial, and environmental factors. Cell-type-specific contributions to CD etiology and genetic risk are incompletely understood. Here we built a comprehensive atlas of cell-type- resolved chromatin accessibility comprising 557,310 candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) in terminal ileum and ascending colon from patients with active and inactive CD and healthy controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert Opin Biol Ther
December 2024
Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea.
Introduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic musculoskeletal disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and variable responses to different treatments. Unfortunately, there is no effective disease modifying therapy at present that can alter the natural course of the disease. Cell therapy based on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may offer an attractive therapeutic option for OA with their multiple modes of action, particularly immune-regulatory and regenerative capacities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExp Neurol
December 2024
Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuoku, Niigata 951-8585, Japan. Electronic address:
Background: Despite advances in reperfusion therapies, ischemic stroke remains a major cause of long-term disability due to residual hypoxic lesions persisting after macrovascular reperfusion. These residual hypoxic lesions, caused by microvascular dysfunction, represent an important therapeutic target. We previously demonstrated that oxygen-glucose-deprived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (OGD-PBMCs) migrate to ischemic brain regions and promote functional recovery after stroke.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStem Cell Res Ther
December 2024
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P.R. China.
Background: hucMSC-exosomes can be engineered to strengthen their therapeutic potential, and the present study aimed to explore whether hypoxic preconditioning can enhance the angiogenic potential of hucMSC-exosomes in an experimental model of POF.
Methods: Primary hucMSCs and ROMECs were isolated from fresh tissue samples and assessed through a series of experiments. Exosomes were isolated from hucMSCs under normoxic or hypoxic conditions (norm-Exos and hypo-Exos, respectively) and then characterized using classic experimental methods.
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