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Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine that predicts clinical outcomes in critically ill patients, including those with sepsis. Elderly patients have blunted and easily dysregulated host responses to infection, which may influence IL-6 kinetics and alter the association between IL-6 levels and clinical outcomes.

Methods: This retrospective observational study included patients aged ≥ 16 years who were admitted to the intensive care unit at Chiba University Hospital.

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[Research advances in the mechanism of Toll-like receptor 4 mediated intestinal injury and inflammatory response in necrotizing enterocolitis].

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Department of Neonatology, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200062, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal inflammatory and necrotic disease seen in premature infants, and remains the leading cause of death resulted from gastrointestinal diseases in premature infants. The specific pathogenesis of NEC is still unclear. In recent years, a lot of studies have reported that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of NEC.

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Early urea-to-creatinine ratio to predict rapid muscle loss in critically ill patients with sepsis: a single-center retrospective observational study.

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Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.

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Procalcitonin-guided duration of antibiotic treatment in children hospitalised with confirmed or suspected bacterial infection in the UK (BATCH): a pragmatic, multicentre, open-label, two-arm, individually randomised, controlled trial.

Lancet Child Adolesc Health

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Department of Infectious Diseases, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. Electronic address:

Background: Procalcitonin is a rapid response biomarker specific for bacterial infection, which is not routinely used in the UK National Health Service. We aimed to assess whether using a procalcitonin-guided algorithm would safely reduce the duration of antibiotic therapy compared with usual care, in which C-reactive protein is the commonly used biomarker.

Methods: The BATCH trial was a pragmatic, multicentre, open-label, parallel, two-arm, individually randomised, controlled trial conducted in 15 hospitals in England and Wales.

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Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by a dysregulated host immune response to infection. Currently, stress hyperglycemia is frequently associated with an unfavorable prognosis in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. During sepsis, the progression of the immune response and inflammation often leads to aberrant metabolic indicators.

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