An in-depth neurological study covered 110 patients with opium addiction without any known history of head traumas, neuroinfections, other diseases of the central nervous system, and alcoholism. Neurological changes were observed in all cases. They developed in the first months of the use of narcotic agents, were more pronounced when home-made narcotic preparations and mixtures were employed, and were of a stable nature. The duration of the disease was correlated with the severity of neurological disorders. The main neurological syndromes characteristic of the period of chronic intoxication and the abstinence syndrome were identified.
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Belitung Nurs J
January 2025
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia.
Background: Ischemic stroke is the primary cause of neurological disability and can lead to psychological issues that affect self-efficacy. Changes in self-efficacy, in turn, influence the overall quality of life. Although many studies have examined factors that affect self-efficacy, quality of life, or both, few have specifically explored the role of demographic factors in shaping the quality of life in patients with ischemic stroke.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Bioinformatics
January 2025
Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
Background: High-throughput behavioral analysis is important for drug discovery, toxicological studies, and the modeling of neurological disorders such as autism and epilepsy. Zebrafish embryos and larvae are ideal for such applications because they are spawned in large clutches, develop rapidly, feature a relatively simple nervous system, and have orthologs to many human disease genes. However, existing software for video-based behavioral analysis can be incompatible with recordings that contain dynamic backgrounds or foreign objects, lack support for multiwell formats, require expensive hardware, and/or demand considerable programming expertise.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Neurosci
January 2025
McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
The default mode network (DMN) is implicated in many aspects of complex thought and behavior. Here, we leverage postmortem histology and in vivo neuroimaging to characterize the anatomy of the DMN to better understand its role in information processing and cortical communication. Our results show that the DMN is cytoarchitecturally heterogenous, containing cytoarchitectural types that are variably specialized for unimodal, heteromodal and memory-related processing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPaediatr Drugs
January 2025
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, PO Box 100296, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts the musculoskeletal, endocrine, pulmonary, neurologic, ocular, and gastrointestinal systems. In addition, individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome have issues with cognitive development, characteristic behavioral problems, and perhaps most profoundly, appetite control. Currently, the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy for Prader-Willi syndrome is growth hormone, which has been Food and Drug Administration approved for > 20 years for the treatment of growth failure in Prader-Willi syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Ginseng Res
January 2025
School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.
The human gut, which contains a diverse microbiome, plays an important role in maintaining physiological balance and preserving the immune system. The complex interplay between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gut microbiome has gained significant attention due to its profound implications for overall health, particularly for gut and brain disorders. There is emerging evidence that the gut-brain axis (GBA) represents a bidirectional communication system between the CNS and the gastrointestinal tract and plays a pivotal role in regulating many aspects of human health.
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