Bacteriophage predation selects for diverse antiphage systems that frequently cluster on mobilizable defense islands in bacterial genomes. However, molecular insight into the reciprocal dynamics of phage-bacterial adaptations in nature is lacking, particularly in clinical contexts where there is need to inform phage therapy efforts and to understand how phages drive pathogen evolution. Using time-shift experiments, we uncovered fluctuations in 's resistance to phages in clinical samples. We mapped phage resistance determinants to SXT integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), which notoriously also confer antibiotic resistance. We found that SXT ICEs, which are widespread in γ-proteobacteria, invariably encode phage defense systems localized to a single hotspot of genetic exchange. We identified mechanisms that allow phage to counter SXT-mediated defense in clinical samples, and document the selection of a novel phage-encoded defense inhibitor. Phage infection stimulates high-frequency SXT ICE conjugation, leading to the concurrent dissemination of phage and antibiotic resistances.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abg2166 | DOI Listing |
Microb Cell Fact
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Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.
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View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Res
January 2025
College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China. Electronic address:
Urban rivers are the main water bodies humans frequently come into contact with, so the risks posed are closely monitored. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) residues in reclaimed water pose serious risks to human health. There are urgent needs to improve the understanding of distribution of and risks posed by ARGs in urban rivers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcotoxicol Environ Saf
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China. Electronic address:
The global issue of insecticide resistance among pests is a major concern. Ectropis grisescens Warren (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), is a highly destructive leaf-eating pest distributed in tea plantations throughout China and Japan, and has exhibited resistance to various insecticides. Recent studies suggest that insect symbionts play a role in influencing insecticide resistance, however, their specific involvement in E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Res
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China; Chongqing Research Institute, Jilin University, 401120 Chongqing, PR China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China. Electronic address:
Efficient nutrient recovery from source-separated urine is vital for wastewater treatment, with microalgae as a promising solution. However, bisphenol A (BPA) in urine can hinder microalgal resource recovery and pose water quality risks. The role of plant hormones in enhancing microalgal growth and pollutant removal is known, but their impact on BPA-laden urine treatment is not well-studied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
January 2025
Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Avian Bioproduct Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou, PR China; Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, PR China. Electronic address:
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is a major threat to the poultry industry, causing bloodstream and extraintestinal infections. Type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are known to aid bacterial pathogens in adapting to stress, promoting persister cell formation, and enhancing virulence. While type II TA systems have been extensively studied in many pathogens, APEC-derived TAs have received limited attention.
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