The prognosis of high risk congenital diaphragmatic hernia and eventration diagnosed in the early neonatal period (before 24 h) is studied based on a series of 64 cases. Eventration has a poor prognosis with 5 deaths out of 7 cases. The replacement of the hemidiaphragm by an abdominal muscular flap seems to be the best surgical procedure (2 recoveries on 4 cases). A high mortality rate remains in the diaphragmatic hernias which are undiagnosed before birth. Out of 54 operated cases with systematic homolateral drainage, there were 35 survivors (65%). Post-operative alveolar-arterial PO2 difference less than 53 kPa appears to be a reliable criterion of good prognosis with a survival rate of 91% in this series. Thus, despite major progresses in post-operative resuscitation, the recovery rate in high risk neonatal congenital diaphragmatic hernia and eventration is only 75%. This seems to be partly related to the existence of lethal forms due to bilateral pulmonary hypoplasia and structural anomalies of the pulmonary arteries.
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