Management and disposal of human excreta is an essential element of healthcare practice. The potential for cross transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces and urine has led global healthcare providers to examine different infection prevention and control practices not least the management and disposal of human excreta. There are two major systems in place to undertake this; one being the use of re-usable bedpans and urinals with reprocessing in a washer disinfectors (WD). The other is use of disposable system; either with pulp bedpans and urinals disposed of in a macerator or hygienic bags disposed of as waste. A review of the literature provided limited evidence to explore these different methods; both having pros and cons with regards to the environmental aspects as well as the infection prevention and control implications. Manual cleaning can pose associated infection risks to both staff and patients. Disinfection of re-usable bedpans may not achieve the level of disinfection required. Disposable systems offer an alternative that can overcome some of the infection prevention and control limitations of washer disinfectors. Adherence to infection prevention and control standards are paramount to the safe management and disposal of excreta.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infpip.2020.100085 | DOI Listing |
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol
January 2025
Sichuan Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China.
The widespread application of swine-farming wastewater to soil and water is increasingly contributing to heavy metal contamination, posing significant environmental risks. This study investigated the concentrations of eight heavy metals in swine-farming wastewater following different treatment processes, and assessed their ecological risks in Sichuan Province, China. The findings revealed that zinc, copper and nickel exhibited the highest concentrations, potentially causing heavy or strong contamination levels and leading to heavy or slight ecological risks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy.
The materials removed in the oil separation units of wastewater treatment plants can be referred to as fat, oil and grease (FOG) waste. FOG waste accumulation in treatment plants can cause clogging of pipes, production of excessive scums and foams, and negatively affect air/liquid oxygen transfer. While conventional disposal routes of this material can be limited by its water and organic content, FOG can represent a source of bio-energy other than bio-diesel production.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Manage
January 2025
Department of Fashion Technology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641004, India.
Domestic laundry wastewater is a major contributor to microfiber emissions in the aquatic environment. Among several mitigation measures, the use of external filters to capture microfibers from wastewater is one of the most efficient and commercially viable methods. This study attempted to develop an eco-friendly filtration medium to filter microfibers in laundry wastewater using luffa cylindrica fibers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Environ Res Public Health
December 2024
Department Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
The indiscriminate use of plastic products and their inappropriate management and disposal contribute to the increasing presence and accumulation of this material in all environmental zones. The chemical properties of plastics and their resistance to natural degradation lead over time to the production of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics, which are dispersed in soil, water, and air and can be absorbed by plants, including those grown for food. In agriculture, MPs can come from many sources (mulch film, tractor tires, compost, fertilizers, and pesticides).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Monit Assess
January 2025
Cancer Biology Lab, Institute of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Quid-E-Azam Campus, PO Box No. 54590, Lahore, Pakistan.
The present study investigated the clinical and hematological effects of chronic lead exposure in the population residing in Shadi Pura, a small industrial zone in Lahore, Pakistan. A cross-sectional analysis of 149 participants recruited through health camps was conducted to explore the hematological manifestations of environmental lead exposure, focusing on various red blood cell (RBC) indices and morphology. Moreover, the study examined the differences in the impact of lead exposure on RBC indices and morphology between men, women, and children.
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