Objective: Semantic verbal fluency constitutes a good candidate for identifying cognitive impairment. This paper offers normative data of different semantic verbal fluency tests for middle-aged and older adults natives from Spain considering sociodemographic factors, and different measures for each specific category (number of words produced, errors, and words evoked every 15 s).
Method: Two thousand and eighty-eight cognitively unimpaired subjects aged between 50 and 89 years old, community dwelling, participated in the study. The statistical procedure includes the conversion of percentile ranges into scalar scores. Secondly, the effects of age, education and gender were verified. Linear regressions are used to calculate the scalar adjusted scores.
Results: Scalar scores and percentiles corresponding to all semantic verbal fluency tests across different measures are shown. Additional tables, which show the points that must be added or subtracted from direct scores, are provided for Education regarding the total number of "animals" and "clothes" evoked by participants, as well as for Age and Education in case of the total number of "clothes". Gender affects the number of "clothes" produced by participants in the first two 15-second segments.
Conclusions: The current norms should provide clinically useful data for evaluating Spanish-speaking natives from Spain aged from 50 to 89 years.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acab059 | DOI Listing |
Dev Sci
March 2025
Department of Psychology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
Time words like "yesterday" and "tomorrow" are abstract, and are interpreted relative to the context in which they are produced: the word "tomorrow" refers to a different point in time now than in 24 h. We tested 112 three- to five-year-old English- and Hindi-speaking children on their knowledge of "yesterday" and "tomorrow," which are represented by the same word in Hindi-Urdu: "kal." We found that Hindi learners performed better than English learners when tested on actual past and future events, but that performance for hypothetical events was poor for both groups.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Psychol
December 2024
Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences (UR UPJV 4559), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France.
Introduction: Numerous studies have explored the linguistic and executive processes underlying verbal fluency using association designs, which provide limited evidence. To assess the validity of our model, we aimed to refine the cognitive architecture of verbal fluency using an interference design.
Methods: A total of 487 healthy participants performed letter and semantic fluency tests under the single condition and dual conditions while concurrently performing a secondary task that interferes with speed, semantics, phonology, or flexibility.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci
December 2024
Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), University of San Andres, Buenos Aires, C1011ACC, Argentina.
Human vocabularies include specific words to communicate interpersonal behaviors, a core linguistic function mainly afforded by social verbs (SVs). This skill has been proposed to engage dedicated systems subserving social knowledge. Yet, neurocognitive evidence is scarce, and no study has examined spectro-temporal and spatial signatures of SV access.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIndian J Pediatr
December 2024
Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India.
Neuroimage
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China. Electronic address:
The role of the visuospatial network in mathematical processing has been established, but the role of the semantic network in mathematical processing remains poorly understood. The current study compared different types of inductive reasoning with the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique to investigate the role of the semantic network in mathematical processing and whether the role is domain-general or domain-specific. 32 undergraduate students were recruited to complete tasks involving numerical, geometrical, situational, and verbal inductive reasoning, as well as arithmetical computation.
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