Color images taken by a smartphone camera were used to estimate the rate of advanced photo-oxidation reaction of Direct Red 23 (DR23) azo dye as a model organic pollutant. The red, green, blue color coordinates were tested to quantify the dye. Images of the reaction mixture were taken at specified intervals to obtain kinetic lines and reaction rate constants. Both the reaction rate constant and the final degree of degradation were plotted as functions of the photocatalyst dose and the concentration of HO. The smartphone measurements are fully consistent with the reference spectrophotometry data. The maximum degradation efficiency of the DR23 dye was recorded at C(HO) = 2.5 mM and photocatalyst dose equal to 1.0 mg/L. Higher HO concentrations reduce the degradation rate as a result of the side reaction of HO with OH radicals. A two-factor experimental design was used to study the effects of photocatalyst dose and HO concentration with five and seven levels, respectively. The analysis of variance results indicated that the concentration of HO had the greater influence. The smartphone provides quick and easy measurement of the photodegradation rate directly in the solutions without sampling. The proposed approach can be applied under field conditions in wastewater treatment plants.
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