Monocytes play an important role in the host defense against Plasmodium vivax as the main source of inflammatory cytokines and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS). Here, we show that monocyte metabolism is altered during human P. vivax malaria, with mitochondria playing a major function in this switch. The process involves a reprograming in which the cells increase glucose uptake and produce ATP via glycolysis instead of oxidative phosphorylation. P. vivax infection results in dysregulated mitochondrial gene expression and in altered membrane potential leading to mROS increase rather than ATP production. When monocytes were incubated with P. vivax-infected reticulocytes, mitochondria colocalized with phagolysosomes containing parasites representing an important source mROS. Importantly, the mitochondrial enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is simultaneously induced in monocytes from malaria patients. Taken together, the monocyte metabolic reprograming with an increased mROS production may contribute to protective responses against P. vivax while triggering immunomodulatory mechanisms to circumvent tissue damage. Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed causative agent of human malaria. To achieve parasite control, the human immune system develops a substantial inflammatory response that is also responsible for the symptoms of the disease. Among the cells involved in this response, monocytes play an important role. Here, we show that monocyte metabolism is altered during malaria, with its mitochondria playing a major function in this switch. This change involves a reprograming process in which the cells increase glucose uptake and produce ATP via glycolysis instead of oxidative phosphorylation. The resulting altered mitochondrial membrane potential leads to an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species rather than ATP. These data suggest that agents that change metabolism should be investigated and used with caution during malaria.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01247-21 | DOI Listing |
Front Parasitol
August 2024
School of Public Health, Institute of Health, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia.
Background: Malaria continues to be an important threat to public health and infects millions of children under 5 years of age each year. Although Ethiopia has set targets for at-risk group interventions to eradicate and manage malaria, the illness is still a serious public health problem in areas where it is endemic, especially in the unique lowlands in the Borena zone.
Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among children in Borena's pastoral communities, Oromia Regional State, southern Ethiopia, in 2022.
Background: Malaria is the disease caused by intracellular parasites known as species and is mainly transmitted by blood sucking female mosquitoes. During pregnancy, malaria results in severe complications to the mother, the fetus and the newborn. Symptoms of malaria, such as fever, malaise, headache, nausea and vomiting, in pregnant women can be mistakenly attributed solely to pregnancy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFEBS Open Bio
January 2025
Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
Malaria, a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, continues to pose a significant global health threat, with nearly 250 million infections and over 600 000 deaths reported annually by the WHO. Fighting malaria is particularly challenging partly due to the complex life cycle of the parasite. However, technological breakthroughs such as the development of the nucleoside-modified mRNA lipid nanoparticle (mRNA-LNP) vaccine platform, along with the discovery of novel conserved Plasmodium antigens such as the E140 protein, present new opportunities in malaria prevention.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Trop Med Hyg
January 2025
Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Enoggera, Australia.
Allied prisoners of war (POWs) working on the Imperial Japanese Army's railroad from Thailand to Burma during 1943-1945 devised a blood transfusion service to rescue severely ill fellow prisoners who were otherwise unlikely to survive the war. Extant transfusion records (1,251 recipients, 1,189 donors) in ledger books held by the United Kingdom National Archives at Kew were accessed and analyzed. Survival to the end of the war in 1945 was determined from Commonwealth War Graves Commission records.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS Pathog
January 2025
REHABS, International Research Laboratory, CNRS-NMU-UCBL, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George, South Africa.
Plasmodium vivax is the predominant malaria parasite in Latin America. Its colonization history in the region is rich and complex, and is still highly debated, especially about its origin(s). Our study employed cutting-edge population genomic techniques to analyze whole genome variation from 620 P.
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