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Oncogenic IDH1 drives robust loss of histone acetylation and increases chromatin heterogeneity.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
Malignant gliomas are heterogeneous tumors, mostly incurable, arising in the central nervous system (CNS) driven by genetic, epigenetic, and metabolic aberrations. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/2) enzymes are predominantly found in low-grade gliomas and secondary high-grade gliomas, with IDH1 mutations being more prevalent. Mutant-IDH1/2 confers a gain-of-function activity that favors the conversion of a-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to the oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG), resulting in an aberrant hypermethylation phenotype.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a transcription factor regulating cellular redox homeostasis, exhibits a complex role in cancer biology. Genetic mutations in the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/NRF2 system, which lead to NRF2 hyperactivation, are found in 20% to 30% of lung cancer cases. This review explores the intricate interplay between NRF2 and key oncogenic pathways in lung cancer, focusing on the interaction of KEAP1/NRF2 system with Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS), tumor protein P53 (TP53), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT signaling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEGFR-targeting RNase A-cetuximab antibody-drug conjugate induces ROS-mediated apoptosis to overcome drug resistance in KRAS mutant cancer cells.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging strategy in cancer therapy, enhancing precision and efficacy by linking targeted antibodies to potent cytotoxic agents. This study introduces a novel ADC that combines ribonuclease A (RNase A) with cetuximab (Cet), an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody, through a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker (RN-PEG-Cet), aimed to induce apoptosis in KRAS mutant colorectal cancer (CRC) via a ROS-mediated pathway. RN-PEG-Cet was successfully synthesized and characterized for its physicochemical properties, retaining full enzymatic activity in RNA degradation and high binding affinity to EGFR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInduction of macrophage efferocytosis in pancreatic cancer via PI3Kγ inhibition and radiotherapy promotes tumour control.
Gut
January 2025
Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Background: The immune suppression mechanisms in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remain unknown, but preclinical studies have implicated macrophage-mediated immune tolerance. Hence, pathways that regulate macrophage phenotype are of strategic interest, with reprogramming strategies focusing on inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-gamma (PI3Kγ) due to restricted immune cell expression. Inhibition of PI3Kγ alone is ineffective in PDAC, despite increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of a new flippase-dependent mouse model for red fluorescence-based isolation of KRAS oncogene-expressing tumor cells.
Transgenic Res
January 2025
Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
Proto-oncogene KRAS, GTPase (KRAS) is one of the most intensively studied oncogenes in cancer research. Although several mouse models allow for regulated expression of mutant KRAS, selective isolation and analysis of transforming or tumor cells that produce the KRAS oncogene remains a challenge. In our study, we present a knock-in model of oncogenic variant KRAS that enables the "activation" of KRAS expression together with production of red fluorescent protein tdTomato.
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