Understanding how starch constituent in frozen dough following freezing-thawing treatment affected quality of steamed bread.

Understanding how starch constituent in frozen dough affected bread quality would be valuable for contributing to the frozen products with better quality. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, starch was fractionated from multiple freezing-thawing (F/T) treated dough and reconstituted with gluten. Results showed that F/T treatment destructed the molecular and supramolecular structures of starch, which were more severe as the F/T cycle increasing. These structural disorganizations made water molecules easier to permeate into the interior of starch granules and form hydrogen bonds with starch molecular chains, which elevated the peak, breakdown, setback and final viscosity of starch paste. In addition, F/T treatment resulted in decreased specific volume (from 1.54 to 0.90 × 10 m/Kg) and increased hardness (from 42.98 to 52.31 N) for steamed bread. We propose the strengthened water absorption ability and accelerated intra- and inter-molecular rearrangement of starch molecules and weak stability of "starch-gluten matrices" would allow interpreting deteriorated bread quality.