In this paper, we developed a new unique unrelated question randomized response model in which each card has two questions, either both questions on the sensitive characteristics or both questions on the two unrelated characteristics. The proposed model is unique in the sense this is the only way of asking two questions printed on each card that leads to protection of the privacy of the respondent. We first develop estimators of the prevalence of the two sensitive characteristics and of their overlap. Then we show that the resultant estimators are unbiased. Next we derive variance expressions for the developed estimators of the proportions. We also compute the relative efficiency and relative privacy protection of the proposed model with respect to its competitors. The variances of the proposed estimators are also verified by comparing them to the Cramer-Rao lower bounds of variance-covariance of the estimators. Estimators of conditional proportion, relative risk, and correlation coefficient are also discussed. Lastly, a real data application of the proposed model is considered, which shows the importance of the use of the proposed model in medical and social science studies.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bimj.202000395 | DOI Listing |
Appl Neuropsychol Adult
January 2025
Faculty Xavier Institute of Engineering, Mahim, India.
In the fields of engineering, science, technology, and medicine, artificial intelligence (AI) has made significant advancements. In particular, the application of AI techniques in medicine, such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), is rapidly growing and offers great potential for aiding physicians in the early diagnosis of illnesses. Depression, one of the most prevalent and debilitating mental illnesses, is projected to become the leading cause of disability worldwide by 2040.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTraffic Inj Prev
January 2025
School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, NingXia University, YinChuan, China.
Objective: This study aims to address the issue of driving safety on highways in the desert region of Northwest China during extreme weather conditions such as sandstorms, with the goal of reducing driver risk. It explores driver behavior under extreme conditions of sandstorms and sand accumulation, proposing safety speed recommendations and warning models for different environments to calculate the optimal warning distance in windy and sandy conditions.
Methods: Natural driving simulation experiments were conducted in windy and sandy environments, collecting driving behavior data from 45 drivers under varying visibility and road conditions with or without sand accumulation.
Arq Bras Oftalmol
January 2025
Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Purpose: This study aimed to modify scleral contact lenses to achieve a desired compression standard and to evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of the adjustments.
Methods: In this nonrandomized, noncomparative, and partially masked study Scleral contact lens fittings were analyzed in 20 eyes of 12 patients (50% women, 50% men) diagnosed with keratoconus. Participants were selected based on their need for scleral contact lenses (SCLs), which was determined in complete ophthalmological examinations.
Cad Saude Publica
January 2025
Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brasil.
This study aims to examine the prevalence of abdominal obesity-dynapenia phenotype, identified by the presence of abdominal obesity and dynapenia, and understand its associated factors with a representative sample of the Brazilian population. Data were collected from the baseline of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brasil) 2015-2016. Abdominal obesity was determined by a waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Chem
January 2025
School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K.
Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a powerful technique to interrogate protein structure and dynamics. With the ability to study almost any protein without a size limit, including intrinsically disordered ones, HDX-MS has shown fast growing importance as a complement to structural elucidation techniques. Current experiments compare two or more related conditions (sequences, interaction partners, excipients, conformational states, etc.
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