Patient Participation in Communication about Treatment Decision-Making for Localized Prostate Cancer during Consultation Visits.

Objectives: To describe the communication behaviors of patients and physicians and patient participation in communication about treatment decision-making during consultation visits for localized prostate cancer (LPCa).

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from 52 men enrolled in the usual care control group of a randomized trial that focused on decision-making for newly diagnosed men with LPCa. We analyzed the patient-physician communication using the transcribed audio-recordings of real-time treatment consultations and a researcher-developed coding tool, including codes for communication behaviors (information giving, seeking, and clarifying/ verifying) and contents of clinical consultations (health histories, survival/mortality, treatment options, treatment impact, and treatment preferences). After qualitative content analysis, we categorized patient participation in communication about treatment-related clinical content, including "none" (content not discussed); "low" (patient listening only); "moderate" (patient providing information or asking questions); and "high" (patient providing information and asking questions).

Results: Physicians mainly provided information during treatment decision consultations and patients frequently were not active participants in communication. The participation of patients with low and moderate cancer risk typically was: 1) "moderate and high" in discussing health histories; 2) "low" in discussing survival/mortality; 3) "low and moderate" in discussing treatment options; 4) "none and low" in discussing treatment impacts; and 5) "low" in discussing treatment preferences.

Conclusions: Findings suggest opportunities for increasing patient participation in communication about treatment decision-making for LPCa during clinical consultations.