Emerging and population analysis of isolates from Iran.

Unlabelled: (GPGV) is a novel member of genus in family. During 2018-2019, 114 leaf and green shoot samples were collected from the main vineyards in Iran Zanjan, Hamedan and East Azerbaijan provinces. After total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, the samples were tested by PCR assay using two pairs of specific primers corresponding to the coat protein (CP) and movement protein (MP) regions of GPGV, in which 6 out of 114 samples were found to be infected by GPGV. Population genetics analysis and molecular evolution of GPGV were done based on the CP and MP gene sequences of six new Iranian isolates and 53 additional isolates from several different countries in three continents: Asia, Europe, and America. The phylogenetic tree of GPGV isolates was clustered into two independent clades with significant values (> 0.44). The values were calculated < 1 for the GPGV isolates for both genes. These findings demonstrated that the GPGV evolutionary selection pressure is under negative selection. To our knowledge, this is the first detailed study on the molecular characterization, phylogenetic analysis, and provide a better understanding of the population evolution of GPGV isolates from vineyards in Iran. The new Iranian isolates were lied in a new cluster near to European isolates.

Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02914-5.